If the transformer contained within the substation is a stepdown, the. Electrical grids energy is generated and used constantly in the same amounts. Kevin borgmeyer kevin borgmeyer, pe, is senior manager of electrical engineering at alliant energy in madison, wisconsin. Bus is actually the electrical structure to which all power lines and transformers are connected. Principles of electrical grounding john pfeiffer, p. Ehvehv and ehvhv 1 substations are an important element of the electricity transmission network of a country or of a large area of a country and their functions are. Step up and step down voltage of the distribution network to suitable values for networks operating. Iec 61850 is a part of the international electrotechnical commissions iec technical committee 57 tc57 reference architecture for electric power systems. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components. Dec 25, 2018 the electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. Part 1 also provides an overview of substation major equipment, explaining the mission, and arrangement of each component.
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Best practices for protection and control applications for. In a less simple way, substation is the key part of electrical generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Oct 11, 2012 surge arresters are generally connected between phase conductor and ground. The basic equipment in distribution substations includes. Pge is a proven leader of fullservice substation construction and engineering concept design, economic. Preface the handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. The checklists are in pdf format and can be completed electronically or printed and used as hard copy. Substation a part of an electrical transmission system that transforms voltage from high to low, or the reverse. Power system structure the typical power system structure is.
Basics of distribution substations for electrical engineers. This is not a full description of every component but he talks about lighting arresters, transformers, gis. Download electrical multiple choice questions answers pdf. These power generating stations may be hydro electric, thermal or atomic. Substation configuration substation configuration can greatly affect protection choices substation physical design engineers must be in full agreement with protection and control engineers, even for temporary substation configurations. Philosophy of protection, nature, causes and consequences of faults, zone of protection, requirements of a protective scheme, basic terminology components of protection scheme. This module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an. Introduction to electrical substation instrumentation.
Design of earthing grounding system in a substation grid. Basic principles the best distribution system is one that will, costeffectively and safely, supply adequate electric service to both present and future probable loadsthis section is intended to aid in selecting, designing and installing such a system. Compliance with all technical requirements all energize elements comply with the required clearances clearances verify compliance with the last requirements of the national electrical safety code or prepa diseno subw\copy of svc subst profile 2. Several crucial terms are for better understanding of the presented material. Fault short circuit produced by failure of insulation. This pdf contains 77 electrical inspection checklists taken from the 2014 electrical inspection manual with checklists. Iec 61850 is a standard for the design of electrical substation automation. A 50 hz electrical substation in melbourne, australia. Electric power distribution system basics by kiran daware power distribution, power system electrical power is dominant as it is relatively much easier to transmit and distribute than other forms of energy such as mechanical. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.
The manual is applicable for all substation projects regardless of internalexternal design delivery mode. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system. Earthing system is made of a mesh of buried bare copper cable, with additional earth rods, and shall be calculated, being recommended to use ieee std. Switching station a part of an electrical transmission system that ties two or more electric circuits together through switches, to permit a circuit to be disconnected, or to change the electric connection between circuits. Understanding electrical schematics part 1 revised by howard l. Transmission basics facilities, interconnection and permitting. There are two basic configurations used in schematics today to show the approximate placement of loads, switches, and different power or supply voltages. Busbars receive power from incoming circuits and deliver power to outgoing circuits. Electrical substations are supplementary parts of electricity generation systems, where voltage is transformed from high to low and vice verse using transformers. Power systems engineer bob ringlee tells us the basics about power substations. Power supplies may be indicated by solid lines or by dashed or dotted lines, as shown in figure 4. How an electrical substation works brighthub engineering. Main components of substation substation components. Electrical substation now days the electrical power demand is increasing very rapidly.
Dec 31, 2015 electrical power design substation engineer interview questions. This webinar discusses the basic configuration of a substation as well as the key players involved with operations and control of transmission and distribution circuits. Mcdonald the use of electric power substations in generation, transmission, and distribution remains one of the most challenging and exciting areas of electric power engineering. This is a discussion of the basic principles behind grounding systems and how grounding is related to safety and the effective operation of circuit protection devices such as fuses and circuit breakers. Dec, 2018 the electrical substation does not have a single circuit but is composed of numerous outgoing and incoming circuits which are connected to a busbar i. Electrical substation components, workings and their functions. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Substation also dispatches electric power from generating stations to the consumption center.
A typical distribution system consists of subtransmission circuits, which carry voltages ranging from 12. The cross section of the buried cable should calculated in accordance with the value of the phasetoearth short. Important formulas for designing a substation grid earthing system. An introduction to electric power transmission presentation. Electrical power is the instantaneous flow of electrical charges, or current s, which serve as the means to perform work. Faults instrument transformers correlation to drawings other. Electrical engineering objective questions mcq with answer. Learn hv substation elements graphic symbols, basics.
Interconnected power systems are the largest physical machines in existence. Electric substations are the part of the power system and used for transferring power from generating points to load centers. Normally stations are where we catch trains or buses. A substation is a facility which is used to stepup or stepdown the voltage in the utility power lines, voltage will be stepped up if the power is transmitted through longdistance transmission lines and it will be stepped down when the power is to enter the local distribution line. Electricity has to be transmitted over large distances as the place where the power is being generated and the place where it is consumed can be far apart. Various incoming and outgoing circuits are connected to busbars. Circuit breakers and other switching equipment in a substation can be organized. Substations a substation is a highvoltage electric system facility.
Many different supply voltages are used in the hvacr industry, ranging from 575v, threephase power supplies to 24v control circuit voltages. Gis there are two terms presented in iec gas insulated switchgear and ieee gas insulated substations. The electrical substation does not have a single circuit but is composed of numerous outgoing and incoming circuits which are connected to a busbar i. Electrical engineering objective questions mcq with answer free pdf download. Substations are integral parts of a power system and form important links between the generating stations, transmission systems, distribution systems and. To keep it balanced operators will ramp power up or down, or drop load. The function of the electric power distribution system in a.
Substation transforms voltage from high to low or from low to high as necessary. In this role kevin manages the departments of substation engineering, system protection engineering, cad engineering services, and relay, scada, and telecommunications technical support for wisconsin power and light operating company. Substations are usually presented using various elements e. Download electric power substations engineering by john d. In this post provide you latest and updated 2018 electrical mcq objective questions with answer which are help for preparation all electrical engineering exams like gate, ies, jto, psus, rrb jeaen, rrb loco pilot and technicians, ssc je, dmrc, lmrc, isro and other state level engineering exams.
When a highvoltage cable is terminated for a connection to a circuit or equipment in a substation or switchyard, the termination must also be made to exact specifications. Electrical basics sample drawing index basics 1 overall plant 1line. Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. Recent technological developments have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of substation design and operation. It is used to switch generators, equipment, and circuits or lines in and out of a system. For fulfilling these huge power demands the modern time requires creation of bigger and bigger power generating stations. Some of the important components of substation are. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. Basic electrical engineering for hvac engineers a heating, ventilating and airconditioning hvac system is a simple system of heating and cooling exchangers using water or refrigerant direct expansion system as the medium. By the same analogy we can explain what a substation does. Show full abstract practical protection coordination of the electrical substation by using siddik kardesler substation substation as a case study. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings. Say a certain generation station generates power in voltage level 11kv, then if it has supply power to the grid which is of 2kv then the generating station will need a substation basic of electrical substation.
There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth. If the transformer contained within the substation is a stepdown. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. The electric power substation, whether generating station or transmission and distribution, remains one of the most challenging and exciting fields of electric power engineering. The electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. Basic substation configurations and the components. All rus borrowers rus electric staff effective date. Webinar substation the basics of a substation configuration. Power substation types basics of substation design. Surge arresters are also provided near the transformer terminals phase to ground. Electrical power substation engineering and layout. The station may consist of transformers, switches, circuit breakers and other auxilliary equipment. This bulletin is an update and revision of previous rea bulletin 651, design guide for rural substations revised june 1978. Our customers for substation safety equipment regularly pose questions relating to safety protection during substation operation and maintenance.
The handbook contains a wide array of topics and each topic is written by an authority on the subject. Oct 18, 2017 this webinar discusses the basic configuration of a substation as well as the key players involved with operations and control of transmission and distribution circuits. Oct 11, 2012 electric substations are the part of the power system and used for transferring power from generating points to load centers. Practical electrical substation safety for engineers. In a substation surge arrester is located at the starting of the substation as seen from incoming transmission lines and is the first equipment of the substation. This substation is constructed using steel lattice structures to support strain bus wires and apparatus.
Design guide for rural substations blank page united states department of agriculture rural utilities service rus bulletin 1724e300 subject. The checklists are intended to help inspectors keep track of the numerous aspects of an electrical installation. Basics, maintenance, and diagnostics vii contents continued page 4. The basic things about substations you must know in the. High voltage substation question for electrical engineer interview.
Our substation, project management and engineering teams complete custom designed projects within budget and on schedule for various clients. What is a electrical substation definition, layout, and. Switchgear and protective devices 2015 3 p a g e syllabus switchgear and protective devices 310 modulei 10 hours protective devices. Pdf protection coordination in electrical substation part2. It is the base for all developments in substation automation. Pdf electric power substations engineering by john d. The electrical and physical connection of substation buses are typically governed by safety, reliability, economy, maintainability and ease of operations.
Modern electric generators utilize turbine engines to spin or rotate magnets around coils of conductive wiring to induce alternating currents and voltages capable of performing work over time, which is also known as power. Electrical substation components list diagram, working. Basic electrical circuits and theory branch circuit wiring a basic top view floor plan terminology block diagram. Substations containing stepup transformers increase voltage and decrease current.
Objectives provide basic understanding of protection and controls for transmission substations. An electrical power substation receives electric power from generating station via transmission lines and delivers power via the outgoing transmission lines. Note that these symbols might not look the same depending on. The substation receives electrical energy directly from generating stations through incoming power supply lines while it delivers electricity to the consumers. It also is used to change ac voltages from one level to another, andor change alternating current to direct current or direct current to alternating current. This is showing three of the five 220 kv66 kv transformers, as well as highvoltage transformer fire barriers, each with a capacity of 150 mva. Lets take a look at some of the symbols used in electrical schematics. Jun 20, 2016 did you ever wonder about those substations you see all around your neighborhood. Electrical substation an electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. Symbols of the most important equipment in transformer substation are given below. Recent technological develop ments have had a tremendous impact on all.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of all who contributed. Substation substation a station in the power transmission system at which electric power is transformed to a conveniently used form. Interconnection of power plants of the national or area electrical grid. Substation interview questions answers engineering tutorial. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in. Understanding electrical schematics part 1 revised.
Depending upon the availability of resources these stations are constructed. The electrical substation design is a complex method with full of engineer planning. Page 59 in the electrical code simplified book will help students to understand how many devices are permitted per circuit and their electrical symbols. Typical electrical drawing symbols and conventions. This course is based on terms used in ieee and iec regulations. An assembly of equipment in an electric system through which electrical energy is passed for generation, transmission, distribution, interconnection, transformation, conversion or switching. Substation definition n critical for generation, transmission, and distribution system n performs several important switching functions n may have various voltage levels before it reaches the customer n owned and operated by an electrical utility or a large industrialcommercial customer. There are a number of hazards unique to substations. In general, an electrical substation is a place which transmits electricity from one part of the production. An electrical substation is an installation with electrical equipment capable of interrupting or establishing electrical circuits and changing the voltage, frequency, or other characteristics of the electrical energy flowing in the circuits. Highvoltage cables are manufactured to exact specifications so that they can withstand a variety of mechanical and electrical stresses. The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather.
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